{"id":20,"date":"2019-09-18T15:47:41","date_gmt":"2019-09-18T22:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/?page_id=20"},"modified":"2025-09-16T08:46:46","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:46:46","slug":"redwood-facts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/learn\/redwood-facts\/","title":{"rendered":"Redwood Facts"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<h1>Redwoods Facts and History<\/h1>\r\n<h2>Top 10 Facts That Make Redwood Trees Magnificent<\/h2>\r\n<p>Coast redwoods are truly magnificent trees that provide clean air, are home to countless plants and wildlife, and can inspire awe for generations to come-but we must protect the remaining redwood forests before it&#8217;s too late. Here are some of the most awesome facts about magnificent redwood trees.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/secure.sempervirens.org\/onlineactions\/Fv3AoGt3fkaoxC6fUma1-Q2?ms=10ZW100_A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Donate Now <\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/visit\/\" target=\"_self\"> Visit <\/a><\/p>\r\n<h2>Climb a Coast Redwood<\/h2>\r\n<p>Scroll down to journey through a redwood or <a href=\"#fact-list\">skip to the top 10 facts about redwoods.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><style type=\"text\/css\">\n\n\t.tree-container{\n\t\tposition:relative;\n\t\tpadding:50px 0px 0px;\n\t\tpadding:0;\n\t}\n\t.tree-label{\n\t\tposition:absolute;\n\t\ttop:5px;\n\t\tleft:5px;\n\t\tbackground:#FFF;\n\t\tpadding:10px 20px 15px;\n\t\tborder:2px solid #00502f;\n\t\tborder-radius:10px;\n\t\ttext-align:center;\n\t\tz-index:999;\n\t\tbackface-visibility: hidden;\n\t}\n\t.tree-label p{\n\t\tmargin:0px;\n\t}\n\t.tree-sublabel{\n\t\tfloat:left;\n\t\tcolor:#00502f !important;\n\t\tmargin-right:5px;\n\t\tfont-weight: 400 !important;\n\t}\n\t.tree-sublabel-indicator{\n\t\tposition:relative;\n\t\tfloat:left;\n\t\twidth:100px;\n\t\theight: 1.3em;\n\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\tcolor:#00502f !important;\n\t}\n\t.tree-sublabel-indicator span{\n\t\tposition:absolute;\n\t\ttop:0px;\n\t\tleft:0px;\n\t\tcolor:#00502f !important;\n\t}\n\t.tree-sublabel-2,\n\t.tree-sublabel-3,\n\t.tree-sublabel-4,\n\t.tree-sublabel-5,\n\t.tree-sublabel-6,\n\t.tree-sublabel-7,\n\t.tree-sublabel-8{\n\t\topacity:0;\n\t}\n\t.tree-image {\n\t\twidth:300px;\n\t\tmargin:auto;\n\t\tdisplay:block;\n\t\ttransform-origin:top center;\n\t}\n\n\t.tree-wrapper{\n\t\tpadding: 2rem 0;\n\t\tposition: relative;\n\t\toverflow: visible;\n\t\tmax-width:100%;\n\t}\n\n\t.tree-graphic-wrapper {\n\t\tposition: relative;\n\t\toverflow: visible;\n\t}\n\n\t.tree-graphic {\n\t\twidth: 320px;\n\t\theight: 320px;\n\t\tmax-width: 100%;\n\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\tposition: relative;\n\t\toverflow: visible;\n\t\tbackground-image: url(https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-background.jpg);\n\t\tbackground-size: auto 100%;\n\t\t\/* background-size: 100% 100%; *\/\n\t\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat;\n\t\t\/* background-position: center -30px; *\/\n\t\tbackground-position: center top;\n\t\ttransform-origin: center top;\n\t}\n\t.tree-graphic > section {\n\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\tposition: absolute;\n\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\tbottom: 0;\n\t\ttransform-origin: center top;\n\t\topacity: 0;\n\t}\n\t.tree-graphic > section > img {\n\t\twidth: 20%;\n\t\theight: auto;\n\t\tmin-width: 180px;\n\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\tposition: relative;\n\t\tmargin: 15px auto;\n\t\tborder: 1.5px solid #000;\n\t\tborder-radius: 50%;\n\t}\n\t.tree-graphic > section > div {\n\t\twidth: 20em;\n\t\tmax-width: 80%;\n\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\tposition: relative;\n\t\tmargin: 15px auto;\n\t\tbackground-color: #fff;\n\t\tborder: 1.5px solid #000;\n\t\tborder-radius: 10px;\n\t\t\/* font-size: 17px; *\/\n\t\tfont-weight: 400;\n\t\tline-height: 1.3;\n\t\tpadding: 10px 10px 0 10px;\n\t}\n\t.tree-graphic > section > div > p {\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\n\t\t\/* font-size: 17px; *\/\n\t\tfont-weight: 400;\n\t\tline-height: 1.3;\n\t}\n\n\t.tree-guidelines {\n\t\tposition: absolute;\n\t\twidth: 320px;\n\t\theight: 320px;\n\t\tbackground-image: url(https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-guidelines.svg);\n\t\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat;\n\t\tbackground-position: center top;\n\t\tleft: calc(50% - 200px);\n\t\ttop: 10px;\n\t}\n\n\t@media all and (max-width: 922px) and (min-width: 500px) {\n\t\t.tree-wrapper{\n\t\t\t\/* padding: 120px 0; *\/\n\t\t\tmargin: 0 0 0 0;\n\t\t\t\/* margin: -120px 0 0 0; *\/\n\t\t\tposition: relative;\n\t\t\t\/* top: -120px; *\/\n\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-wrapper * {\n\t\t\tfont-size: 15px !important;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic-wrapper {\n\t\t\t\/* top: -120px; *\/\n\t\t\t\/* position: absolute; *\/\n\t\t\tmargin-left: -30%;\n\t\t\tmargin-right: -30%;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-label {\n\t\t\tleft: 5px;\n\t\t\ttop: -115px;\n\t\t\tpadding:5px 10px 10px;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t@media all and (max-width: 499px) {\n\t\t.tree-graphic-wrapper{\n\t\t\t\/* margin-left: -25%; *\/\n\t\t\t\/* margin-right: -25%; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-wrapper{\n\t\t\t\/* padding: 120px 0; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-wrapper * {\n\t\t\tfont-size: 15px !important;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-guidelines {\n\t\t\t\/* display: none; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic-wrapper {\n\t\t\t\/* top: -120px; *\/\n\t\t\tmargin-left: -30%;\n\t\t\tmargin-right: -30%;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-label {\n\t\t\t\/* top: calc(100vh - 200px); *\/\n\t\t\t\/* left: 25%; *\/\n\t\t\t\/* top: -100px; *\/\n\t\t\t\/* top: -115px; *\/\n\t\t\tpadding:5px 10px 10px;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-sublabel-indicator {\n\t\t\twidth: 65px;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic > section {\n\t\t\tmargin-top: -10px;\n\t\t\tpadding: 0 25px;\n\t\t\t\/* max-width: 90vw; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic > section > div {\n\t\t\tmax-width: 80vw;\n\t\t\tmargin-left: auto !important;\n\t\t\tmargin-right: auto !important;\n\t\t\tleft: auto !important;\n\t\t\tright: auto !important;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic > section > img {\n\t\t\twidth: 240px;\n\t\t\t\/* min-width: initial; *\/\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 15px !important;\n\t\t\tmargin-left: auto !important;\n\t\t\tmargin-right: auto !important;\n\t\t\tleft: auto !important;\n\t\t\tright: auto !important;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t@media all and (max-height: 499px) {\n\t\t.tree-graphic-wrapper{\n\t\t\t\/* margin-left: -25%; *\/\n\t\t\t\/* margin-right: -25%; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-wrapper{\n\t\t\tpadding: 120px 0 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-guidelines {\n\t\t\t\/* display: none; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic-wrapper {\n\t\t\ttop: -120px;\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: -200px;\n\t\t\tmargin-left: -30%;\n\t\t\tmargin-right: -30%;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-label {\n\t\t\ttop: calc(100vh - 175px);\n\t\t\tleft: 5px;\n\t\t\t\/* margin-top: -40px; *\/\n\t\t\t\/* top: -100px; *\/\n\t\t\t\/* top: -115px; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-sublabel-indicator {\n\t\t\twidth: 65px;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic > section {\n\t\t\tmargin-top: -40px;\n\t\t\t\/* max-width: 90vw; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic > section > img {\n\t\t\tmin-width: initial;\n\t\t\tmax-width: 120px;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t.tree-wrapper-sr-only {\n\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t}\n\t@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) {\n\t\t.tree-wrapper {\n\t\t\tdisplay: none;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-graphic > section > img {\n\t\t\twidth: 30px !important;\n\t\t\theight: auto !important;\n\t\t\tmin-width: 30px !important;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.tree-wrapper * {\n\t\t\tfont-size: 10px !important;\n\t\t\tline-height: 1.4 !important;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t@media (-webkit-max-device-pixel-ratio: 4) {\n\t\t.tree-wrapper-sr-only {\n\t\t\tposition:absolute;\n\t\t\tleft:-200%;\n\/* \t\t\ttop:auto;\n\t\t\twidth:1px;\n\t\t\theight:1px;\n\t\t\toverflow:hidden; *\/\n\t\t}\n\t}\n<\/style>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/gsap\/3.7.1\/gsap.min.js\"><\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/gsap\/3.7.1\/ScrollTrigger.min.js\"><\/script>\n\n<div class=\"tree-wrapper-sr-only\">\n\n\t<h3>Crown<\/h3>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-height.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree height\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Redwoods are the tallest trees on earth reaching more than 350 feet&nbsp;high.<\/p>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-wildlife.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree wildlife\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Endangered marbled murrelets lay their eggs on the upper branches of&nbsp;redwoods.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<h3>Canopy<\/h3>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-salamander.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree salamander\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Creatures like the wandering salamander can live their entire life in a redwood&nbsp;canopy.<\/p>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-berries.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree berries\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Redwoods can be so big and old that other trees and plants live on their branches and&nbsp;trunks.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<h3>Branches<\/h3>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-water.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree water\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>A redwood&rsquor;s leaves can both &ldquo;drink&rdquor; from fog and help make it&nbsp;rain.<\/p>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-leaves.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree leaves\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Redwood leaves clean air by pulling in carbon and storing more of it than any other&nbsp;tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<h3>Trunk<\/h3>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-trunk.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree trunk\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Redwoods are resistant to rot and fire, so all but 5% of old-growths were cut down for&nbsp;lumber.<\/p>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-owl.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree owl\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Fire can burn a cave-like hole in a living redwood where owls and bats like to&nbsp;live.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<h3>Bark<\/h3>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-bark.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree bark\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>The bark can be up to a foot thick and full of tannins that protect it from bugs, rot, and fire so it can live for thousands of&nbsp;years.<\/p>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-fossils.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree fossils\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Redwoods have survived for millions of years with some fossils dating back to the Jurassic age of&nbsp;dinosaurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<h3>Roots<\/h3>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-roots.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree roots\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Redwoods intertwine their roots with each other to stabilize one another and share&nbsp;nutrients.<\/p>\n\n\t<h4><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-salmon.jpg\" style=\"width: 50%;\" alt=\"tree salmon\" \/><\/h4>\n\t<p>Redwood roots help provide clean water and habitat for endangered coho salmon to lay their&nbsp;eggs.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tree-wrapper\">\n\n\t<div class=\"tree-container\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"tree-label\"><p><span class=\"tree-sublabel\">Redwood Story:<\/span><span class=\"tree-sublabel-indicator\"><span class=\"tree-sublabel-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Scroll Down<\/span><span class=\"tree-sublabel-2\">Crown<\/span><span class=\"tree-sublabel-3\">Canopy<\/span><span class=\"tree-sublabel-4\">Branches<\/span><span class=\"tree-sublabel-5\">Trunk<\/span><span class=\"tree-sublabel-6\">Bark<\/span><span class=\"tree-sublabel-7\">Roots<\/span><span class=\"tree-sublabel-8\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Scroll Up<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"tree-graphic-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tree-graphic\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth: 320px;\n\t\t\t\t\theight: 320px;\n\t\t\t\t\">\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-height\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-height.jpg\" alt=\"tree height\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 19.5em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Redwoods are the tallest trees on earth reaching more than 350 feet&nbsp;high.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-wildlife\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 13%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 8%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.8);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-wildlife.jpg\" alt=\"tree wildlife\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 25%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom: -5%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 16em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Endangered marbled murrelets lay their eggs on the upper branches of&nbsp;redwoods.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-salamander\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 21%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-salamander.jpg\" alt=\"tree salamander\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: 27%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: 10%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 16em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Creatures like the wandering salamander can live their entire life in a redwood&nbsp;canopy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-berries\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 29%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-berries.jpg\" alt=\"tree berries\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 27%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 10%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 17em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Redwoods can be so big and old that other trees and plants live on their branches and&nbsp;trunks.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-water\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 44%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: 20%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.8);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-water.jpg\" alt=\"tree water\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: 22%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom: -4%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: 2.5%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 13.5em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A redwood&rsquor;s leaves can both &ldquo;drink&rdquor; from fog and help make it&nbsp;rain.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-leaves\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 49%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 20%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.8);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-leaves.jpg\" alt=\"tree leaves\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 22%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom: -5%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 0.7%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 15.3em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Redwood leaves clean air by pulling in carbon and storing more of it than any other&nbsp;tree.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-trunk\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 60%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.5);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-trunk.jpg\" alt=\"tree trunk\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 17.2em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Redwoods are resistant to rot and fire, so all but 5% of old-growths were cut down for&nbsp;lumber.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-owl\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 69%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.5);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-owl.jpg\" alt=\"tree owl\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 20.5em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fire can burn a cave-like hole in a living redwood where owls and bats like to&nbsp;live.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-bark\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 80%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 9%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.5);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-bark.jpg\" alt=\"tree bark\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 19.2em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The bark can be up to a foot thick and full of tannins that protect it from bugs, rot, and fire so it can live for thousands of&nbsp;years.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-fossils\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 85%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: 9%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.5);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-fossils.jpg\" alt=\"tree fossils\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 18.8em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Redwoods have survived for millions of years with some fossils dating back to the Jurassic age of&nbsp;dinosaurs.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-roots\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 91%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 11%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.5);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-roots.jpg\" alt=\"tree roots\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tright: 25%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom: -3%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 18.2em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Redwoods intertwine their roots with each other to stabilize one another and share&nbsp;nutrients.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<section id=\"tree-salmon\" style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 94%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: 11%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttransform: scale(0.5);\n\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bb-theme-child\/images\/tree-salmon.jpg\" alt=\"tree salmon\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: 26%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom: -6%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 17.2em;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 2%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Redwood roots help provide clean water and habitat for endangered coho salmon to lay their&nbsp;eggs.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tree-guidelines\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n(function () {\n\n\tvar treeHeight = document.getElementById( 'tree-height' );\n\tvar treeWildlife = document.getElementById( 'tree-wildlife' );\n\tvar treeSalamander = document.getElementById( 'tree-salamander' );\n\tvar treeBerries = document.getElementById( 'tree-berries' );\n\tvar treeWater = document.getElementById( 'tree-water' );\n\tvar treeLeaves = document.getElementById( 'tree-leaves' );\n\tvar treeTrunk = document.getElementById( 'tree-trunk' );\n\tvar treeOwl = document.getElementById( 'tree-owl' );\n\tvar treeBark = document.getElementById( 'tree-bark' );\n\tvar treeFossils = document.getElementById( 'tree-fossils' );\n\tvar treeRoots = document.getElementById( 'tree-roots' );\n\tvar treeSalmon = document.getElementById( 'tree-salmon' );\n\n\tgsap.registerPlugin(ScrollTrigger);\n\n\tvar bkgd_tl = gsap.timeline({\n\t\tscrollTrigger: {\n\t\t\tanimation: bkgd_tl,\n\t\t\ttrigger: \".tree-container\",\n\t\t\tstart: \"top 120px\",\n\t\t\tend: \"+=15000\",\n\t\t\tmarkers: false,\n\t\t\tpin: true,\n\t\t\tscrub: true,\n\t\t\tsnap: false\n\t\t}\n\t});\n\n\t\/\/ treeHeight\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: 4, xPercent: 0, scale: 1, width: '870px', height: '2300px', delay: 0 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeWildlife\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -13, xPercent: 9, scale: 1.25 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeSalamander\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -17, xPercent: -6, scale: 1 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeBerries\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -26, xPercent: 6, scale: 1 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeWater\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -51, xPercent: -28, scale: 1.25 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeLeaves\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -58, xPercent: 28, scale: 1.25 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeTrunk\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -117, xPercent: 0, scale: 2 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeOwl\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -135, xPercent: 0, scale: 2 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeBark\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -157, xPercent: 18, scale: 2 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeFossils\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -167, xPercent: -18, scale: 2 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeRoots\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -179, xPercent: 22, scale: 2 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeSalmon\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: -183, xPercent: -22, scale: 2 });\n\n\t\/\/ treeEnd\n\tbkgd_tl.to('.tree-graphic', { yPercent: 0, xPercent: 0, width: '320px', height: '320px', scale: 1 });\n\n\n\tvar main_tl = gsap.timeline({\n\t\tscrollTrigger: {\n\t\t\tanimation: main_tl,\n\t\t\ttrigger: \".tree-container\",\n\t\t\tstart: \"top 120px\",\n\t\t\tend: \"+=15000\",\n\t\t\tmarkers: false,\n\t\t\tpin: true,\n\t\t\tscrub: true,\n\t\t\tsnap: false\t\t}\n\t});\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('start-tree');\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-guidelines', { opacity: 0 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-1', { opacity: 0 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-2', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-height', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('height');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-height', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-wildlife', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('wildlife');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-wildlife', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-2', { opacity: 0 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-3', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-salamander', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('salamander');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-salamander', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-berries', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('berries');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-berries', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-3', { opacity: 0 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-4', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-water', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('water');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-water', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-leaves', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('leaves');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-leaves', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-4', { opacity: 0 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-5', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-trunk', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('trunk');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-trunk', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-owl', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('owl');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-owl', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-5', { opacity: 0 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-6', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-bark', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('bark');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-bark', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-fossils', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('fossils');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-fossils', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-6', { opacity: 0 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-7', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-roots', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('roots');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-roots', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-salmon', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('salmon');\n\tmain_tl.to('#tree-salmon', { opacity: 0, delay: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-guidelines', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-7', { opacity: 0 });\n\tmain_tl.to('.tree-sublabel-8', { opacity: 1 });\n\tmain_tl.addLabel('end-tree');\n})();\n<\/script> <a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"fact-list\"><\/a><\/p>\r\n<h2>Top 10 Facts About Redwood Trees<\/h2>\r\n<p>Read on for our Top 10 most awesome facts about magnificent redwood trees. For youth, check out our Importance of Redwoods infographic, available in <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/importance-of-redwoods-youth-infographic-english\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/importance-of-redwoods-youth-infographic-spanish\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spanish<\/a>, with 5 Facts about redwoods and 5 ways to help them.<\/p>\r\n<h3>1. Tallest Tree on Earth<\/h3>\r\n<p>Coast redwood trees are the tallest trees on the planet. They can grow to 300 feet high or more, as compared to the tallest pine tree at 268 feet or the tallest tanoak at 162 feet. The tallest recorded redwood tree in the Santa Cruz Mountains is <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/visit\/big-basin-redwoods-state-park\/\">Big Basin Redwoods State Park<\/a>&#8216;s &#8220;Mother of the Forest&#8221; at 329 feet high which is just 50 feet shy of the tallest tree on earth, the redwood known as &#8220;Hyperion&#8221; <a href=\"#1\"><sup>see footnote number 1<\/sup><\/a>. All this magnificence in height, and yet a typical redwood&#8217;s root system is only 6 to 12 feet deep. Redwoods create the strength to withstand powerful winds and floods by extending their roots outwards, up to 100 feet wide from the trunk, and living in groves where their roots can intertwine. A redwood can&#8217;t grow to be the tallest tree on earth alone. It needs the support and protection of other trees in the forest to grow tall-holding carbon and providing plant and wildlife habitat every inch of the way. That&#8217;s why it&#8217;s so important to protect and connect forest lands so the trees can thrive together.<\/p>\r\n<p>photo by I. Bornarth<\/p>\r\n<h3>2. Almost as Old as the Dinosaurs<\/h3>\r\n<p>The earliest redwoods showed up on Earth shortly after the dinosaurs &#8211; before flowers, birds, spiders\u2026 and, of course, humans. Redwoods have been around for about 240 million years<a href=\"#2\"><sup>see footnote number 2<\/sup><\/a>, and in California for at least 20 million years, compared to about 200,000 years for &#8220;modern&#8221; humans<a href=\"#3\"><sup>see footnote number 3<\/sup><\/a>. However, in just the last 150 years, human impacts have drastically reduced the number of these ancient trees through clear-cut logging and development. Only 5% of <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/old-growth-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters\/\">old-growth redwood forests<\/a> remain. Today, Sempervirens Fund <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/protect\/\">protects and restores thousands of acres of redwood forests<\/a> in the Santa Cruz Mountains so they can continue to provide habitat, clean air, and awe for generations to come.<\/p>\r\n<p>photo by Ken Lund.<\/p>\r\n<h3>3. They Live for Thousands of Years<\/h3>\r\n<p>Officially, the oldest living coast redwood has been alive for at least 2,200 years, but foresters believe some coast redwoods may be much older<a href=\"#4\"><sup>see footnote number 4<\/sup><\/a>. Their bark helps them survive many hardships that other trees cannot-it can be at least a foot thick and contains lots of tannins, a compound that makes redwoods resistant to insects, fungus and diseases. Their bark has very little resin which is one of the ways <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/sempervoices\/emily-burns-ten-signs-of-hope-in-a-forest-after-fire\/\">redwoods are fire resilient<\/a>. Although a redwoods&#8217; ability for a long lifespan contributed to its Latin name, Sequoia sempervirens-sempervirens means &#8220;evergreen&#8221; or &#8220;everlasting&#8221; in Latin-most of the remaining redwoods in the Santa Cruz Mountains are &#8220;second-growth&#8221;, about 50-150 years old. When you walk or ride through the Santa Cruz Mountains, you are in a nursery of young redwoods that, if protected, can live for 2,000 years cleaning carbon from the air, providing habitat for wildlife, and inspiring people for generations to come. That&#8217;s how our founders named our nonprofit organization working to protect, expand and care for the local redwood forests &#8220;Sempervirens&#8221; in 1900. Learn more about <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/about\/story\/\">Sempervirens Fund&#8217;s history<\/a> protecting redwoods.<\/p>\r\n<p>photo by I. Bornarth<\/p>\r\n<h3>4. Redwoods Take Care of Each Other<\/h3>\r\n<p>A redwood&#8217;s shallow but widespread roots, help them survive by intertwining with the roots of other trees around them. Intertwined root systems provide stability to these mighty trees during strong winds and floods &#8211; quite literally holding one another down. Their shallow roots can also sprout and support new redwood trees far more successfully than from their cone seeds. Redwoods can often be seen growing in circles, known as &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwood-fairy-rings-and-the-magic-of-science\/\">fairy rings<\/a>&#8221; or &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwood-fairy-rings-and-the-magic-of-science\/\">family circles<\/a>&#8220;, because they sprouted from the roots of a parent tree.\u00a0 The parent tree helps to nourish the sprouts with water and sugars through its well-established root system while they grow. When the parent trees die, the young redwoods continue to grow in the circle shielding, stabilizing, and nourishing each other through their roots. Redwoods will help each other even if they aren&#8217;t &#8220;family&#8221;. Trees in the ring aren&#8217;t always genetically identical or clones of the parent tree. Some of the redwoods in a ring can also grow from seedlings <a href=\"#5\"><sup>see footnote number 5<\/sup><\/a>. Redwoods take care of one another supporting each other with nutrients through their interconnected roots including their young, sick and old. We&#8217;re also just beginning to learn about how trees like <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/webinars\/discovering-the-wisdom-of-the-forest-suzanne-simard\/\">redwoods communicate and work together<\/a> <a href=\"#6\"><sup>see footnote number 6<\/sup><\/a>. It takes a forest to raise a mighty redwood. <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwood-fairy-rings-and-the-magic-of-science\/\">Redwoods are stronger together<\/a>. By protecting and connecting redwood forests in the Santa Cruz Mountains, we can help redwoods thrive together so they can grow tall, clean the most air, and provide habitat and awe for thousands of years.<\/p>\r\n<h3>5. They Make Rain<\/h3>\r\n<p>Redwoods can make it rain. Redwood trees prefer a moist environment to get all of the water they need for their gigantic size. They have adapted to help form their own habitat. A redwood&#8217;s leaves can both absorb moisture from <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwoods-and-fog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fog<\/a> right from the air and can also condense fog into drops and rain them down to soak the soil around them<a href=\"#7\"><sup>see footnote number 7<\/sup><\/a>. But that&#8217;s not all. From their leaves, redwoods can release terpenes which help condense moisture in the air into clouds that cool the forest<a href=\"#8\"><sup>see footnote number 8<\/sup><\/a>. Redwoods can also transpire moisture back into the air to help keep the forest cool and moist during dry months for themselves and the plants around them. You can read more about <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwood-champions-amid-drought-and-climate-change\/\">the role redwoods play in the water cycle<\/a> here.<\/p>\r\n<p>photo by F. Balthis<\/p>\r\n<h3>6. Entire Ecosystems Live in Their Branches<\/h3>\r\n<p>Entire ecosystems can live within redwood branches high off the ground. Because redwoods can grow so large and old, their shed leaves collect together with dust and water on their branches and eventually become soil mats that create mini-ecosystems <a href=\"#9\"><sup>see footnote number 9<\/sup><\/a>. Hundreds of plants including ferns, moss, lichen, huckleberries, and even other full-sized trees have been found living in the canopies of redwoods<a href=\"#10\"><sup>see footnote number 10<\/sup><\/a>. These plants provide food for wildlife living in the redwood&#8217;s soil mats including insects and amphibians<a href=\"#11\"><sup>see footnote number 11<\/sup><\/a>. While many more species of birds and small mammals such as bats and squirrels nest and find food growing on redwoods, some species like wandering salamanders live their entire lives in the canopy of a single redwood tree<a href=\"#12\"><sup>see footnote number 12<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>photo by daveynin<\/p>\r\n<h3>7. Wild Animals Thrive Here<\/h3>\r\n<p>The redwood forests of the Santa Cruz Mountains are near the end of the largest temperate rainforest in the world which stretches up the north Pacific Coast<a href=\"#13\"><sup>see footnote number 13<\/sup><\/a> and supports hundreds of species of wildlife<a href=\"#14\"><sup>see footnote number 14<\/sup><\/a>. Wild, endangered creatures like <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwoods-pumas-and-people\/\">mountain lions<\/a>, Coho salmon and marbled murrelet depend on our local redwood forests to survive. Wildlife need large, connected areas of diverse habitat to get the food, water, shelter, and potential mates to thrive. Although some species like the Strobeen&#8217;s parnassian butterfly have already disappeared from the Santa Cruz Mountains due to habitat loss<a href=\"#15\"><sup>see footnote number 15<\/sup><\/a>, other species like endangered <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/restoring-san-vicente-creek-to-save-endangered-salmon\/\">coho salmon<\/a> are making a comeback thanks to habitat protection and restoration efforts. <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/learn\/protecting-wildlife\/\">Protecting and connecting habitat for wildlife<\/a> is especially critical for their survival as our communities continue to grow into natural places that once provided them refuge. When we protect habitat for threatened and endangered species, often the most sensitive or specialized creatures, all wildlife in and near the habitat benefit.<\/p>\r\n<h3>8. Redwoods are Climate Change Heroes<\/h3>\r\n<p>While all trees are crucial to maintaining a stable, human-friendly climate, <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwood-champions-amid-drought-and-climate-change\/\">redwoods are climate change heroes<\/a>. Studies show that coast redwoods capture more carbon dioxide (CO2) from our cars, trucks and power plants than any other tree on Earth<a href=\"#16\"><sup>see footnote number 16<\/sup><\/a>. Thanks to their large size, long lifespan, and rot-resistant wood, redwood trees can pull and hold at least three times more carbon from the air, thereby cleaning more air and helping to keep temperatures from rising, than the average tree<a href=\"#17\"><sup>see footnote number 17<\/sup><\/a>. In fact, redwoods can be so large that new studies measuring them more effectively with the use of lasers and computer modeling to better estimate their size show that redwoods may be 30% larger than previously thought thereby holding even more carbon<a href=\"#18\"><sup>see footnote number 18<\/sup><\/a>. More research is being done to see how redwood trees can help to decrease the effects of climate change. In the meantime, protecting the redwood forests we have now is crucial particularly as the effects of climate change itself including higher temperatures, drought, and <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwoods-and-wildfires\/\">much hotter and more frequent wildfires<\/a> threaten them. As the climate changes, the redwood forests in the Santa Cruz Mountains are one of very few places that can provide a refuge for local plants and animals to survive <a href=\"#19\"><sup>see footnote number 19<\/sup><\/a>, because the area has many microclimates, is cooled by coastal summertime fog and is still largely unpaved. Read more about <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/learn\/redwoods-and-climate-change\/\">Redwoods and Climate Change<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h3>9. Last Natural Habitat<\/h3>\r\n<p>Coast redwood&#8217;s only natural habitat is right here on the Pacific Coast from Big Sur to southern Oregon<a href=\"#20\"><sup>see footnote number 20<\/sup><\/a>. Once redwoods had a much wider range across the Northern Hemisphere, including western North America and the coasts of Europe and Asia<a href=\"#21\"><sup>see footnote number 21<\/sup><\/a>. The coastal <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/redwoods-and-fog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fog<\/a> in this area has helped supply enough water to support the redwood giants through all of the seasons<a href=\"#22\"><sup>see footnote number 22<\/sup><\/a> for the last 20 million years<a href=\"#23\"><sup>see footnote number 23<\/sup><\/a>. Although coast redwoods have been established by people in other places of the world like New Zealand<a href=\"#24\"><sup>see footnote number 24<\/sup><\/a>, the oldest and tallest coast redwoods are in their natural habitat<a href=\"#25\"><sup>see footnote number 25<\/sup><\/a> where they have rain, fog, and forests of neighboring redwoods, fungi, and creatures like banana slugs helping to support them. <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/protect\/\">Protecting their last remaining natural habitat<\/a> is crucial so redwoods can reach their full potential as the tallest trees on the planet and our awe-inspiring <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/learn\/redwoods-and-climate-change\/\">climate change heroes<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h3>10. Only 5% of Redwoods are Left<\/h3>\r\n<p>Only 5% of the original old-growth coast redwood forests that flourished on the Pacific Coast are left. Because redwoods are extremely resistant to insects, fire and rot, they are treasured for building and 95% of them have been cut down since the 1850s<a href=\"#26\"><sup>see footnote number 26<\/sup><\/a>. The survival of several redwood buildings from the 1906 fire in San Francisco launched a flurry of demand for redwood lumber in the rebuilding of the city and elsewhere<a href=\"#27\"><sup>see footnote number 27<\/sup><\/a>. By 1900, logging spurred a group of concerned people to form Sempervirens Club, now known as Sempervirens Fund, and <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/about\/story\/\">start the redwood conservation movement<\/a> which has successfully <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/protect\/redwood-forests\/\">preserved thousands of acres of redwood forest<\/a>. However, there is much more land still at risk.\u00a0 In 2011, the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed redwoods as endangered<a href=\"#28\"><sup>see footnote number 28<\/sup><\/a>. Today, we have a rare chance to <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/protect\/\">re-establish the once-vast and vibrant local redwood forest<\/a> into a magnificent, life-giving world between Silicon Valley and the Pacific Ocean. Although many old-growth redwoods have been cut down, younger second-growth redwoods have resprouted since then, some even of the same genetic stock of their massive predecessors. By <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/protect\/caring-for-our-lands\/\">protecting redwood forests<\/a> and helping to restore ideal conditions through careful <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/news\/what-is-stewardship\/\">stewardship<\/a>, old-growth redwood forests can grow again. With a little help from us to get started, the redwood forest can recover from the massive logging and fragmentation that took place during the last 150 years<a href=\"#29\"><sup>see footnote number 29<\/sup><\/a>. Once protected and restored, the redwood forest will take care of itself &#8211; providing plant and wildlife habitat, clean air, and inspiration for thousands and even millions of years to come.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Get Involved<\/h2>\r\n<p>You can help Sempervirens Fund protect and care for redwood forests and expand local parks so that you, wildlife, and future generations can enjoy these truly magnificent trees. <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/support\/\">Donate<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/support\/volunteer\/\">volunteer<\/a> to help preserve and restore the wildlands of the Santa Cruz Mountains. To learn more, <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/learn\/read-watch\/\">read and watch<\/a> our favorite things about redwoods or visit them <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/visit\/\">in person<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/visit\/virtual-redwoods\/\">virtually<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/support\/\" target=\"_self\"> Donate <\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sempervirens.org\/support\/volunteer\/\" target=\"_self\"> Volunteer <\/a><\/p>\r\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\r\n<p>Interested in digging a little deeper into the science behind these redwood facts and history? Here are some sources with more information indicated in the facts above:<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"1\"><\/a>footnote number1<\/h3>\r\n<p>&#8220;Tallest Living Tree.&#8221; <i>Guinness Book of World Records<\/i>, 2021, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.guinnessworldrecords.com\/world-records\/tallest-tree-living\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.guinnessworldrecords.com\/world-records\/tallest-tree-living<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Martin, Glen. &#8220;World&#8217;s tallest tree, a redwood, confirmed.&#8221; <i>SFGate<\/i>, Hearst Newspapers, 15 Jan. 2012, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/bayarea\/article\/HUMBOLDT-COUNTY-World-s-tallest-tree-a-2550557.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/bayarea\/article\/HUMBOLDT-COUNTY-World-s-tallest-tree-a-2550557.php<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Van Pelt, Robert. &#8220;Forest Giants of North America.&#8221; Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"2\"><\/a>footnote number 2<\/h3>\r\n<p>Endo, S. &#8220;A Record of Sequoia from the Jurassic of Manchuria.&#8221; <i>Botanical Gazette<\/i>, 113 2, 1951, Pages 228-230. <cite><a href=\"http:\/\/fossilworks.org\/bridge.pl?a=referenceInfo&amp;reference_no=70374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/fossilworks.org\/bridge.pl?a=referenceInfo&amp;reference_no=70374<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"3\"><\/a>footnote number 3<\/h3>\r\n<p>Yang, Z.Y., et al. &#8220;Three Genome-based Phylogeny of Cupressaceae s.l: Further Evidence for the Evolution of Gymnosperms and Southern Hemisphere Biogeography&#8221;. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution<\/i>, 64 (3), 2012, Pages 452-470, <cite><a title=\"Persistent link using digital object identifier\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.05.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Persistent link using digital object identifier\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.05.004<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"4\"><\/a>footnote number 4<\/h3>\r\n<p>Earle, Christopher J .&#8221;Eon Tree Report.&#8221; <i>The Gymnosperm Database<\/i>, 16 Jun. 1999, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.conifers.org\/cu\/se\/eon_tree.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.conifers.org\/cu\/se\/eon_tree.txt<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"5\"><\/a>footnote number 5<\/h3>\r\n<p>Narayan, Lakshmi, et al.&#8221; A genotyping protocol for multiple tissue types from the polyploid tree species sequoia sempervirens (CUPRESSACEAE).&#8221; <i>Applications in Plant Sciences<\/i>,Volume3, Issue 3, 9 Mar. 2015, Botany Association of America, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/apps.1400110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/apps<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"6\"><\/a>footnote number 6<\/h3>\r\n<p>Jabr, Ferris. &#8220;The Social Life of Forests.&#8221; <i>New York Times Magazine<\/i>, 2 Dec. 2020, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/12\/02\/magazine\/tree-communication-mycorrhiza.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/12\/02\/magazine\/tree-communication-mycorrhiza.html<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Simard, Suzanne W., et al. &#8220;Mycorrhizal networks: Mechanisms, ecology and modelling.&#8221; <i>Fungal Biology Reviews<\/i>, Volume 26, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 39-60, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/zoology.ubc.ca\/bdg\/pdfs_bdg\/2015%20Spring\/Simard%20et%20al.%202012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/zoology.ubc.ca\/bdg\/pdfs_bdg\/2015%20Spring\/Simard%20et%20al.%202012.pdf<\/a><\/cite> (Links to PDFs might include documents that are not accessible).<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"7\"><\/a>footnote number 7<\/h3>\r\n<p>Limm, E. B., et al. &#8220;Foliar water uptake: a common water acquisition strategy for plants of the redwood forest.&#8221; <i>Oecologia<\/i>, 161(3), 2009, Pages 449-459, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-009-1400-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-009-1400-3<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"8\"><\/a>footnote number 8<\/h3>\r\n<p>Lund University. &#8220;Aerosols from coniferous forests no longer cool the climate as much.&#8221; <em>ScienceDaily,<\/em> 25 Sept. 2019, <cite><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/09\/190925115119.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/09\/190925115119.htm<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Kirkby, J., et al. &#8220;Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles.&#8221; <i>Nature<\/i>, 533, Pages 521-526, 2016, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature17953\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature17953<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"9\"><\/a>footnote number 9<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sawyer, J.O., et al. &#8220;Redwood trees, communities, and ecosystems.&#8221;<i> Redwood Trees, Communities and Ecosystems: A Closer Look<\/i>, Pages 81-118, 2000, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/287546821_Redwood_trees_communities_and_ecosystems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/287546821_Redwood_trees_communities_and_ecosystems<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sillett, S.C., Van Pelt, R. &#8220;Trunk reiteration promotes epiphytes and water storage in an old-growth redwood forest canopy.&#8221;<i> Ecological Monographs<\/i>, 77, Pages 335-359, 2007, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/06-0994.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/06-0994.1<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"10\"><\/a>footnote number 10<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sillett, Stephen, and Van Pelt, Robert. &#8220;A redwood tree whose crown is a forest canopy.&#8221; <i>Northwest Science<\/i>, 74, Pages 34-43, 2000, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/279556792_A_redwood_tree_whose_crown_is_a_forest_canopy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/279556792_A_redwood_tree_whose_crown_is_a_forest_canopy<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sillett, Stephen , and Van Pelt, Robert. &#8221; A Redwood Tree Whose Crown May Be The Most Complex On Earth.&#8221; 2000, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/237287219_A_REDWOOD_TREE_WHOSE_CROWN_MAY_BE_THE_MOST_COMPLEX_ON_EARTH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/237287219_A_REDWOOD_TREE_WHOSE_CROWN_MAY_BE_THE_MOST_COMPLEX_ON_EARTH<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sillett, S.C., Bailey, M.G. &#8220;Effects of tree crown structure on biomass of the epiphytic fern Polypodium scouleri (Polypodiaceae) in redwood forests.&#8221; <i>American Journal of Botany<\/i>, Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages 255-261, 1 Feb. 2003, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/ajb.90.2.255\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/ajb.90.2.255<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"11\"><\/a>footnote number 11<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sawyer, J.O., et al. &#8220;Redwood trees, communities, and ecosystems.&#8221;<i> Redwood Trees, Communities and Ecosystems: A Closer Look<\/i>, 2000, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/287546821_Redwood_trees_communities_and_ecosystems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/287546821_Redwood_trees_communities_and_ecosystems<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sillett, S.C., Bailey, M.G. &#8220;Effects of tree crown structure on biomass of the epiphytic fern Polypodium scouleri (Polypodiaceae) in redwood forests.&#8221; <i>American Journal of Botany<\/i>, Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages 255-261, 1 Feb. 2003, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/ajb.90.2.255\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3732\/ajb.90.2.255<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"12\"><\/a>footnote number 12<\/h3>\r\n<p>Spickler, James, et al. &#8220;Evidence of a new niche for a North American salamander: Aneides vagrans residing in the canopy of old-growth redwood forest.&#8221; <i>Herpetological Conservation and Biology<\/i>, 1, 2006, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/26449214_Evidence_of_a_new_niche_for_a_North_American_salamander_Aneides_vagrans_residing_in_the_canopy_of_old-growth_redwood_forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/26449214_Evidence_of_a_new_niche_for_a_North_American_salamander_Aneides_vagrans_residing_in_the_canopy_of_old-growth_redwood_forest<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Camann, Michael A.,et al. &#8220;Old-growth redwood forest canopy arthropod prey base for arboreal wandering salamanders: A report to Save-the-Redwoods League.&#8221; <i>Humboldt State University<\/i>, Arcata, CA, 2000, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.savetheredwoods.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdf_camann.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.savetheredwoods.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdf_camann.pdf<\/a><\/cite> (Links to PDFs might include documents that are not accessible).<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"13\"><\/a>footnote number 13<\/h3>\r\n<p>Wikipedia contributors. &#8220;Pacific temperate rainforests.&#8221; <i>Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia<\/i>, 1 May 2021, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pacific_temperate_rainforests&amp;oldid=1020887730\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pacific_temperate_rainforests&amp;oldid=1020887730<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"14\"><\/a>footnote number 14<\/h3>\r\n<p>Cooperrider, Allen, et al. &#8220;Terrestrial fauna of redwood forests.&#8221; In: Noss, Reed F. ed., <i>The Redwood Forest: History, Ecology, and Conservation of the Coast Redwoods<\/i>, Island Press, Covelo, California, Pages 119-163, 2000, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/psw\/publications\/welsh\/psw_2000_welsh001_cooperrider.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/psw\/publications\/welsh\/psw_2000_welsh001_cooperrider.pdf<\/a><\/cite> (Links to PDFs might include documents that are not accessible).<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"15\"><\/a>footnote number 15<\/h3>\r\n<p>Ricketts, Taylor H. et al. &#8220;Terrestrial Ecoregions of North America: A Conservation Assessment.&#8221; Island Press, 1999, Page 244.<\/p>\r\n<p>Olson, D., and Sawyer, John. &#8220;Northern California coastal forests.&#8221; <i>World Wildlife Fund, <\/i>6 May 2021, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/ecoregions\/na0519\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/ecoregions\/na0519<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"16\"><\/a>footnote number 16<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sillett, Stephen C., et al. &#8220;Aboveground biomass dynamics and growth efficiency of Sequoia sempervirens forests.&#8221;<i> Forest Ecology and Management<\/i>, Volume 458, 15 Feb. 2020, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2019.117740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2019.117740<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"17\"><\/a>footnote number 17<\/h3>\r\n<p>Fimrite, Peter. &#8220;New reason to conserve redwoods &#8211; they&#8217;re best at storing polluting carbon.&#8221; <i>San Francisco Chronicle<\/i>, April 30, 2020, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/environment\/article\/New-reason-to-conserve-California-s-redwoods-15238034.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/environment\/article\/New-reason-to-conserve-California-s-redwoods-15238034.php<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"18\"><\/a>footnote number 18<\/h3>\r\n<p>Disney, M., et al. &#8220;New 3D measurements of large redwood trees for biomass and structure.&#8221; <i>Scientific Reports<\/i>, 10, 15 Oct. 2020, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-73733-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-73733-6<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"19\"><\/a>footnote number 19<\/h3>\r\n<p>Betts, Matthew G., et al. &#8220;Old-growth forests buffer climate-sensitive bird populations from warming.&#8221; <i>Diversity and Distributions<\/i>, Volume 24, Issue 4, April 2018, Pages 439-447, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddi.12688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddi.12688<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"20\"><\/a>footnote number 20<\/h3>\r\n<p>Shirley, James Clifford. &#8220;Distribution Of The Redwoods.&#8221; <i>The Redwoods of Coast and Sierra<\/i>, University Of California Press, Berkeley, California,1940, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/parkhistory\/online_books\/shirley\/sec4.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/parkhistory\/online_books\/shirley\/sec4.htm<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Olson Jr., David F.,et al. &#8220;Sequoia Sempervirens.&#8221; In Burns, Russell M., and Honkala, Barbara H. &#8220;Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers.&#8221; <i>Agriculture Handbook 654<\/i>, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC., Volume 1, Page 675, 1990, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/ucanr.edu\/sites\/forestry\/California_forests\/http___ucanrorg_sites_forestry_California_forests_Tree_Identification_\/Coast_Redwood_Sequoia_sempervirens_198\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ucanr.edu\/sites\/forestry\/California_forests\/http___ucanrorg_sites_forestry_California_forests_Tree_Identification_\/Coast_Redwood_Sequoia_sempervirens_198\/<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Little, Jr., Elbert L. &#8220;Conifers and important hardwoods.&#8221;<i> Atlas of United States Trees<\/i>, Volume 1, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C., 1971, Page 320.<\/p>\r\n<p>Fox, L. III, and J. K. Lee. &#8220;Ultra-small scale color infrared photography proves useful for classifying and mapping coast redwood forest in California.&#8221; In Proceedings from the <i>Twelfth Biennial Workshop on Color Aerial Photography and Videography<\/i>, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Bethesda, Maryland, 1989, Pages 61-70.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"21\"><\/a>footnote number 21<\/h3>\r\n<p>Qing-Wen Ma, et al. &#8220;The coast redwoods (Sequoia, Taxodiaceae) from the Eocene of Heilongjiang and the Miocene of Yunnan, China.&#8221; <i>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology<\/i>, Volume 135, Issues 3-4, 2005, Pages 117-129, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revpalbo.2005.03.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revpalbo.2005.03.002<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"22\"><\/a>footnote number 22<\/h3>\r\n<p>Dawson, T. &#8220;Fog in the California redwood forest: ecosystem inputs and use by plants.&#8221; <i>Oecologia<\/i>, 117, 1998, Pages 476-485, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004420050683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004420050683<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Haemig, P.D. &#8220;Ecology of the Coast Redwood.&#8221; <i>Ecology.Info 20<\/i>, 2012, <cite><a href=\"http:\/\/ecology.info\/redwood.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/ecology.info\/redwood.htm<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Palmer, Brian. &#8220;Climate explains why West Coast trees are much taller than those in the East.&#8221; <i>Washington Post<\/i>, April 30, 2012, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/climate-explains-why-west-coast-trees-are-much-taller-than-those-in-the-east\/2012\/04\/30\/gIQA4Mf9rT_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/health-science\/climate-explains-why-west-coast-trees-are-much-taller-than-those-in-the-east\/2012\/04\/30\/gIQA4Mf9rT_story.html<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"23\"><\/a>footnote number 23<\/h3>\r\n<p>Zu-Yu Yang,et al. &#8220;Three genome-based phylogeny of Cupressaceae s.l.: Further evidence for the evolution of gymnosperms and Southern Hemisphere biogeography.&#8221; <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution<\/i>, Volume 64, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 452-470, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.05.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.05.004<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"24\"><\/a>footnote number 24<\/h3>\r\n<p>Gaman, Tom. &#8220;California&#8217;s coast redwood in New Zealand.&#8221; In: Standiford, Richard B., et al. <i>Proceedings of coast redwood forests in a changing California: A symposium for scientists and managers<\/i>, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, Pages 611-615, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/treesearch\/pubs\/41339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/treesearch\/pubs\/41339<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>&#8220;Californian Redwood.&#8221;<i>The Redwoods &#8211; Whakarewarewa Forest<\/i>, Rotorua, New Zealand, 6 May 2021, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/redwoods.co.nz\/about\/californian-redwood\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/redwoods.co.nz\/about\/californian-redwood\/<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"25\"><\/a>footnote number 25<\/h3>\r\n<p>Voiland, Adam. &#8220;First-of-its-Kind Map Depicts Global Forest Heights.&#8221; <i>NASA<\/i>, 20 Jul. 2010, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/topics\/earth\/features\/forest-height-map.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/topics\/earth\/features\/forest-height-map.html<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"26\"><\/a>footnote number 26<\/h3>\r\n<p>J.O. Sawyer,et al. &#8220;Characteristics of redwood forests.&#8221; R.F. Noss (Ed.), <i>The redwood forest: history, ecology, and conservation of the coast redwoods<\/i>, Island Press, Washington DC, 2000, Pages 39-80.<\/p>\r\n<p>Burns, E.E.,et al. &#8220;State of redwoods conservation report.&#8221; Save the Redwoods League, San Francisco, CA, 2018.<\/p>\r\n<p>&#8220;How many redwoods have been logged?&#8221; <i>Redwood National and State Parks<\/i>, National Park Service, 6 May 2021, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/redw\/faqs.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/redw\/faqs.htm<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Thornburgh, Dale, et al. &#8220;Managing Redwoods.&#8221; <i>The Redwood Forest<\/i>, In: Noss, Reed F. ed., <i>The Redwood Forest: History, Ecology, and Conservation of the Coast Redwoods<\/i>, Island Press, Covelo, California, Page 229, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/psw\/publications\/welsh\/thornburgh1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/psw\/publications\/welsh\/thornburgh1.pdf<\/a><\/cite> (Links to PDFs might include documents that are not accessible).<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"27\"><\/a>footnote number 27<\/h3>\r\n<p>Hull, Elizabeth. &#8220;Redwood in the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake &amp; Fires.&#8221;<i>Forest History Today<\/i>, Spring\/Fall, 2006, Pages 36-41, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/foresthistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/FHT_2006_Redwood-in-1906-san-francisco.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/foresthistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/FHT_2006_Redwood-in-1906-san-francisco.pdf<\/a><\/cite> (Links to PDFs might include documents that are not accessible).<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"28\"><\/a>footnote number 28<\/h3>\r\n<p>Farjon, A., and Schmid, R. &#8220;Sequoia sempervirens.&#8221; <i>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/i>, 6 May 2021, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34051A2841558.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34051A2841558.en<\/a><\/cite>.<\/p>\r\n<h3><a tabindex=\"-1\" name=\"29\"><\/a>footnote number 29<\/h3>\r\n<p>Gerhart, Matthew. &#8220;Expanding the Legacy of Research at the Fritz Wonder Plot, Big River, California: A Report to Save-the-Redwoods League.&#8221; Save-the-Redwoods League, and the Mendocino Land Trust, 2005, <cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.savetheredwoods.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdf_gerhart.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.savetheredwoods.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdf_gerhart.pdf<\/a><\/cite> (Links to PDFs might include documents that are not accessible).<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Redwoods Facts and History Top 10 Facts That Make Redwood Trees Magnificent Coast redwoods are truly magnificent trees that provide clean air, are home to countless plants and wildlife, and can inspire awe for generations to come-but we must protect the remaining redwood forests before it&#8217;s too late. Here are some of the most awesome&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":26663,"parent":15,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"node_moved":[],"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-20","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Redwood Facts - Sempervirens Fund<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Coast redwoods are truly magnificent trees that provide clean air, are home to countless plants and wildlife, and can inspire awe for generations to come\u2014but we must protect the remaining redwood forests before it\u2019s too late. 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